Open Systems Interconnection Model (OSI): A hierarchical architecture of 7 levels and are the communications standards on which the TCP-IP protocol, the basis of the Internet, is based.
In order to systematize the standards that equipment and networks must follow when communicating and establishing a reference framework independent of the different manufacturers and, therefore, guaranteeing the compatibility of communication systems, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) established, in the '80s, a model he called a model for Open Systems Interconnection, whose acronym, OSI, refers to its name in English.
The OSI model describes a 7-tier hierarchical architecture and is the communications standard on which the TCP-IP protocol, the Internet base, is based. To explain each of the levels of the reference model in relation to the transmission of data packets, it is usually based on the higher level called the Application level and is the closest to the user, to which the information is added and clarified corresponding to each of the following levels until reaching the most basic that gives standards for physical communication.
The 7 Layers of the OSI Model:
Application: This level refers to the standards that protocols must comply with in relation to applications, or services. For example, a browser, an email client, a word processor, a spreadsheet, a database, etc. The protocol requires the applications to be managed within a packet transmission network, to comply with standards that allow it to be understood by applications resident on other machines in the network
Presentation: This level establishes the rules that must be met in relation to character codes, such as ASCII and EBCDIC. Blinks, sizes, etc ... This information is added to that of the previous level and reports the characteristics of the data handled by a specific application.
Session: It establishes the norms that must be met in relation to the management of the connections of the applications with the Network, they are like the norms of courtesy, they indicate who should be spoken, when, should be done to ask for the floor or that the interlocutor pay attention, etc. Similarly, information related to this level is added to the data package.
Transport: In this level, the rules are established to identify the origin and destination of the data that have to go from one computer to another. The information of this level is added to the data package, where those of the previous levels are already.
Network: This level establishes the rules to be followed in relation to the way in which packets pass through the network. The information that is added to the data package at this level will allow you to move through the entire network that forms a network, always looking for the best way to reach your final destination.
Link level: This level establishes the rules to achieve a reliable and error-free transmission. The information added at this level is used to manage the communication between two machines in the network, linking them between the different machines through which the data packets pass.
Physical level: This level establishes the standards that the protocols must comply with in relation to the physical characteristics of all the components related to the transmission of data throughout the network: modem standards, transmission lines, communications controllers, etc.
In order to systematize the standards that equipment and networks must follow when communicating and establishing a reference framework independent of the different manufacturers and, therefore, guaranteeing the compatibility of communication systems, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) established, in the '80s, a model he called a model for Open Systems Interconnection, whose acronym, OSI, refers to its name in English.
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The 7 Layers of the OSI Model:
Application: This level refers to the standards that protocols must comply with in relation to applications, or services. For example, a browser, an email client, a word processor, a spreadsheet, a database, etc. The protocol requires the applications to be managed within a packet transmission network, to comply with standards that allow it to be understood by applications resident on other machines in the network
Presentation: This level establishes the rules that must be met in relation to character codes, such as ASCII and EBCDIC. Blinks, sizes, etc ... This information is added to that of the previous level and reports the characteristics of the data handled by a specific application.
Session: It establishes the norms that must be met in relation to the management of the connections of the applications with the Network, they are like the norms of courtesy, they indicate who should be spoken, when, should be done to ask for the floor or that the interlocutor pay attention, etc. Similarly, information related to this level is added to the data package.
Transport: In this level, the rules are established to identify the origin and destination of the data that have to go from one computer to another. The information of this level is added to the data package, where those of the previous levels are already.
Network: This level establishes the rules to be followed in relation to the way in which packets pass through the network. The information that is added to the data package at this level will allow you to move through the entire network that forms a network, always looking for the best way to reach your final destination.
Link level: This level establishes the rules to achieve a reliable and error-free transmission. The information added at this level is used to manage the communication between two machines in the network, linking them between the different machines through which the data packets pass.
Physical level: This level establishes the standards that the protocols must comply with in relation to the physical characteristics of all the components related to the transmission of data throughout the network: modem standards, transmission lines, communications controllers, etc.
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